1가천대학교 의과대학 의학교육학과
2울산대학교 의과대학 의학교육학교실
3가톨릭대학교 의과대학 의학교육학과
4전남대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실
5인하대학교 의과대학 의학교육학교실
6조선대학교 의과대학 의학교육학교실
7이화여자대학교 의과대학 의학교육학교실
8동아대학교 의과대학 생리학교실
1Department of Medical Education, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
2Department of Medical Education, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Medical Education, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
5Department of Medical Education, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
6Department of Medical Education, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
7Department of Medical Education, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
8Department of Physiology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
© The Korean Society of Medical Education. All rights reserved.
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DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, %: Conversion to 100-point scale, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
| Item | No. | Mean | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | ||||
| 1. | I am encouraged to participate in class | 8,980 | 2.68 | 0.84 |
| 7. | The teaching is often stimulating | 8,980 | 2.21 | 0.86 |
| 13. | The teaching is student-centered | 8,986 | 1.90 | 0.91 |
| 16. | The teaching helps to develop my competence | 8,972 | 2.58 | 0.78 |
| 20. | The teaching is well focused | 8,970 | 2.45 | 0.75 |
| 22. | The teaching helps to develop my confidence | 8,976 | 2.12 | 0.88 |
| 24. | The teaching time is put to good use | 8,967 | 2.32 | 0.83 |
| 25. | The teaching over-emphasizes factual learninga) | 8,974 | 1.81 | 0.92 |
| 38. | I am clear about the learning objectives of the course | 8,959 | 2.26 | 0.74 |
| 44. | The teaching encourages me to be an active learner | 8,967 | 2.04 | 0.88 |
| 47. | Long-term learning is emphasized over short-term learning | 8,956 | 1.92 | 0.99 |
| 48. | The teaching is too teacher-centereda) | 8,957 | 1.90 | 0.83 |
| SPT | ||||
| 2. | The teachers are knowledgeable | 8,992 | 3.27 | 0.69 |
| 6. | The teachers are patient with patients | 8,928 | 2.57 | 0.73 |
| 8. | The teachers ridicule the studentsa) | 8,982 | 2.41 | 0.90 |
| 9. | The teachers are authoritariana) | 8,985 | 1.93 | 0.94 |
| 18. | The teachers have good communications skills with patients | 8,800 | 2.51 | 0.73 |
| 29. | The teachers are good at providing feedback to students | 8,976 | 2.10 | 0.86 |
| 32. | The teachers provide constructive criticism here | 8,972 | 2.48 | 0.78 |
| 37. | The teachers give clear examples | 8,971 | 2.46 | 0.73 |
| 39. | The teachers get angry in classa) | 8,963 | 2.00 | 0.98 |
| 40. | The teachers are well prepared for their classes | 8,959 | 2.60 | 0.76 |
| 50. | The students irritate the teachersa) | 8,962 | 2.26 | 0.83 |
| SAS | ||||
| 5. | Learning strategies which worked for me before continue to work for me now | 8,993 | 1.80 | 1.05 |
| 10. | I am confident about my passing this year | 8,981 | 2.98 | 0.88 |
| 21. | I feel I am being well prepared for my profession | 8,979 | 2.33 | 0.80 |
| 26. | Last year’s work has been a good preparation for this year’s work | 8,929 | 2.42 | 0.87 |
| 27. | I am able to memorize all I need | 8,967 | 1.41 | 0.92 |
| 31. | I have learned a lot about empathy in my profession | 8,969 | 2.62 | 0.73 |
| 41. | My problem-solving skills are being well developed here | 8,957 | 2.42 | 0.78 |
| 45. | Much of what I have to learn seems relevant to a career in healthcare | 8,958 | 2.80 | 0.77 |
| SPA | ||||
| 11. | The atmosphere is relaxed during the ward teaching | 8,626 | 2.03 | 0.79 |
| 12. | This school is well time-tabled | 8,974 | 2.24 | 0.96 |
| 17. | Cheating is a problem in this schoola) | 8,972 | 2.57 | 1.21 |
| 23. | The atmosphere is relaxed during lectures | 8,975 | 2.39 | 0.80 |
| 30. | There are opportunities for me to develop interpersonal skills | 8,976 | 2.19 | 0.97 |
| 33. | I feel comfortable in class socially | 8,978 | 2.45 | 0.83 |
| 34. | The atmosphere is relaxed during seminars/tutorials | 8,945 | 2.50 | 0.79 |
| 35. | I find the experience disappointinga) | 8,965 | 1.62 | 0.91 |
| 36. | I am able to concentrate well | 8,961 | 2.33 | 0.76 |
| 42. | The enjoyment outweighs the stress of the course | 8,961 | 1.96 | 0.96 |
| 43. | The atmosphere motivates me as a learner | 8,958 | 2.19 | 0.85 |
| 49. | I feel able to ask the questions I want | 8,960 | 2.06 | 0.99 |
| SSS | ||||
| 3. | There is a good support system for students who get stressed | 8,984 | 1.43 | 0.96 |
| 4. | I am too tired to enjoy the coursea) | 8,951 | 2.15 | 0.93 |
| 14. | I am rarely bored on this course | 8,969 | 2.24 | 1.00 |
| 15. | I have good friends in this school | 8,976 | 3.05 | 0.76 |
| 19. | My social life is good | 8,972 | 2.86 | 0.71 |
| 28. | I seldom feel lonely | 8,972 | 2.01 | 0.97 |
| 46. | My accommodation is pleasant | 8,959 | 2.02 | 1.08 |
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
a)Negative item: low score indicates agreement.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, UMS: Undergraduate medical student, GEMS: Graduate entry medical student, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
| Variable | No. | % |
|---|---|---|
| Educational system | ||
| UMS | 3,892 | 43.1 |
| GEMS | 5,134 | 56.9 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 5,317 | 60.7 |
| Female | 3,439 | 39.3 |
| Grade | ||
| 1st year | 2,460 | 27.3 |
| 2nd year | 2,279 | 25.3 |
| 3rd year | 2,409 | 26.7 |
| 4th year | 1,862 | 20.7 |
| Domain of DREEM | No. | Maximum score | Mean | SD | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | 8,804 | 48 | 26.19 | 6.31 | 54.57 |
| SPT | 8,684 | 44 | 26.57 | 4.98 | 60.40 |
| SAS | 8,829 | 32 | 18.81 | 4.24 | 58.79 |
| SPA | 8,485 | 48 | 26.54 | 5.99 | 55.29 |
| SSS | 8,833 | 28 | 15.76 | 3.70 | 56.28 |
| Total | 8,097 | 200 | 113.97 | 21.59 | 56.99 |
| Medical school | SPL | SPT | SAS | SPA | SSS | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31.52 | 31.06 | 20.96 | 32.24 | 18.24 | 134.32 | 67.16 |
| 2 | 29.66 | 28.97 | 20.12 | 29.53 | 17.51 | 125.81 | 62.90 |
| 3 | 28.38 | 29.72 | 19.77 | 28.59 | 17.13 | 123.56 | 61.78 |
| 4 | 28.31 | 29.22 | 19.57 | 28.72 | 17.28 | 122.76 | 61.38 |
| 5 | 28.31 | 28.72 | 19.34 | 28.63 | 16.46 | 122.14 | 61.07 |
| 6 | 27.22 | 28.32 | 19.78 | 28.48 | 16.67 | 121.06 | 60.53 |
| 7 | 27.71 | 27.65 | 19.85 | 28.31 | 17.52 | 120.90 | 60.45 |
| 8 | 27.83 | 28.23 | 19.67 | 28.57 | 16.85 | 120.79 | 60.39 |
| 9 | 28.65 | 27.65 | 19.59 | 27.59 | 17.01 | 120.56 | 60.28 |
| 10 | 28.68 | 27.97 | 19.30 | 28.29 | 16.64 | 120.49 | 60.25 |
| 11 | 27.67 | 28.59 | 19.35 | 28.29 | 16.41 | 120.38 | 60.19 |
| 12 | 28.29 | 27.03 | 19.27 | 26.92 | 16.53 | 117.65 | 58.83 |
| 13 | 26.99 | 26.43 | 20.11 | 26.98 | 17.04 | 117.64 | 58.82 |
| 14 | 26.30 | 27.01 | 19.53 | 27.42 | 17.47 | 116.92 | 58.46 |
| 15 | 27.14 | 28.82 | 18.31 | 26.46 | 14.83 | 116.41 | 58.21 |
| 16 | 26.87 | 27.17 | 19.26 | 26.15 | 16.47 | 116.34 | 58.17 |
| 17 | 27.35 | 27.74 | 19.29 | 27.66 | 15.06 | 116.01 | 58.00 |
| 18 | 26.70 | 27.34 | 18.54 | 27.26 | 16.18 | 115.82 | 57.91 |
| 19 | 25.66 | 27.10 | 18.99 | 26.29 | 15.66 | 113.88 | 56.94 |
| 20 | 26.51 | 26.30 | 18.48 | 26.49 | 15.42 | 113.47 | 56.74 |
| 21 | 26.81 | 25.94 | 19.01 | 25.82 | 15.30 | 113.26 | 56.63 |
| 22 | 25.46 | 26.60 | 18.42 | 27.11 | 14.79 | 112.76 | 56.38 |
| 23 | 26.72 | 26.27 | 18.34 | 26.09 | 15.28 | 112.71 | 56.36 |
| 24 | 25.97 | 26.33 | 18.45 | 26.02 | 15.26 | 111.97 | 55.99 |
| 25 | 25.65 | 26.07 | 18.24 | 26.36 | 15.75 | 111.92 | 55.96 |
| 26 | 26.17 | 25.70 | 18.73 | 25.67 | 15.50 | 111.91 | 55.95 |
| 27 | 25.49 | 26.23 | 18.31 | 26.55 | 14.67 | 111.60 | 55.80 |
| 28 | 25.44 | 25.86 | 19.01 | 26.29 | 15.13 | 111.40 | 55.70 |
| 29 | 25.53 | 26.19 | 18.45 | 25.62 | 14.52 | 109.93 | 54.96 |
| 30 | 24.35 | 25.34 | 18.49 | 25.66 | 15.46 | 108.95 | 54.48 |
| 31 | 23.73 | 25.19 | 17.86 | 25.42 | 15.46 | 108.34 | 54.17 |
| 32 | 24.67 | 24.56 | 19.20 | 24.97 | 14.77 | 108.26 | 54.13 |
| 33 | 24.77 | 24.19 | 18.24 | 24.93 | 14.86 | 106.99 | 53.50 |
| 34 | 23.81 | 25.80 | 18.21 | 25.14 | 14.63 | 106.49 | 53.25 |
| 35 | 23.69 | 25.36 | 17.64 | 25.20 | 14.37 | 106.31 | 53.15 |
| 36 | 23.29 | 24.68 | 18.17 | 24.23 | 14.76 | 106.17 | 53.09 |
| 37 | 24.11 | 24.93 | 17.15 | 24.16 | 14.72 | 104.95 | 52.48 |
| 38 | 23.84 | 24.71 | 17.66 | 24.23 | 14.09 | 104.41 | 52.21 |
| 39 | 21.98 | 24.49 | 17.30 | 24.71 | 13.30 | 102.09 | 51.05 |
| 40 | 22.53 | 24.76 | 16.52 | 22.88 | 13.63 | 100.24 | 50.12 |
| Mean | 26.19 | 26.57 | 18.81 | 26.54 | 15.76 | 113.97 | 56.99 |
| Item | No. | Mean | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | ||||
| 1. | I am encouraged to participate in class | 8,980 | 2.68 | 0.84 |
| 7. | The teaching is often stimulating | 8,980 | 2.21 | 0.86 |
| 13. | The teaching is student-centered | 8,986 | 1.90 | 0.91 |
| 16. | The teaching helps to develop my competence | 8,972 | 2.58 | 0.78 |
| 20. | The teaching is well focused | 8,970 | 2.45 | 0.75 |
| 22. | The teaching helps to develop my confidence | 8,976 | 2.12 | 0.88 |
| 24. | The teaching time is put to good use | 8,967 | 2.32 | 0.83 |
| 25. | The teaching over-emphasizes factual learninga) | 8,974 | 1.81 | 0.92 |
| 38. | I am clear about the learning objectives of the course | 8,959 | 2.26 | 0.74 |
| 44. | The teaching encourages me to be an active learner | 8,967 | 2.04 | 0.88 |
| 47. | Long-term learning is emphasized over short-term learning | 8,956 | 1.92 | 0.99 |
| 48. | The teaching is too teacher-centereda) | 8,957 | 1.90 | 0.83 |
| SPT | ||||
| 2. | The teachers are knowledgeable | 8,992 | 3.27 | 0.69 |
| 6. | The teachers are patient with patients | 8,928 | 2.57 | 0.73 |
| 8. | The teachers ridicule the studentsa) | 8,982 | 2.41 | 0.90 |
| 9. | The teachers are authoritariana) | 8,985 | 1.93 | 0.94 |
| 18. | The teachers have good communications skills with patients | 8,800 | 2.51 | 0.73 |
| 29. | The teachers are good at providing feedback to students | 8,976 | 2.10 | 0.86 |
| 32. | The teachers provide constructive criticism here | 8,972 | 2.48 | 0.78 |
| 37. | The teachers give clear examples | 8,971 | 2.46 | 0.73 |
| 39. | The teachers get angry in classa) | 8,963 | 2.00 | 0.98 |
| 40. | The teachers are well prepared for their classes | 8,959 | 2.60 | 0.76 |
| 50. | The students irritate the teachersa) | 8,962 | 2.26 | 0.83 |
| SAS | ||||
| 5. | Learning strategies which worked for me before continue to work for me now | 8,993 | 1.80 | 1.05 |
| 10. | I am confident about my passing this year | 8,981 | 2.98 | 0.88 |
| 21. | I feel I am being well prepared for my profession | 8,979 | 2.33 | 0.80 |
| 26. | Last year’s work has been a good preparation for this year’s work | 8,929 | 2.42 | 0.87 |
| 27. | I am able to memorize all I need | 8,967 | 1.41 | 0.92 |
| 31. | I have learned a lot about empathy in my profession | 8,969 | 2.62 | 0.73 |
| 41. | My problem-solving skills are being well developed here | 8,957 | 2.42 | 0.78 |
| 45. | Much of what I have to learn seems relevant to a career in healthcare | 8,958 | 2.80 | 0.77 |
| SPA | ||||
| 11. | The atmosphere is relaxed during the ward teaching | 8,626 | 2.03 | 0.79 |
| 12. | This school is well time-tabled | 8,974 | 2.24 | 0.96 |
| 17. | Cheating is a problem in this schoola) | 8,972 | 2.57 | 1.21 |
| 23. | The atmosphere is relaxed during lectures | 8,975 | 2.39 | 0.80 |
| 30. | There are opportunities for me to develop interpersonal skills | 8,976 | 2.19 | 0.97 |
| 33. | I feel comfortable in class socially | 8,978 | 2.45 | 0.83 |
| 34. | The atmosphere is relaxed during seminars/tutorials | 8,945 | 2.50 | 0.79 |
| 35. | I find the experience disappointinga) | 8,965 | 1.62 | 0.91 |
| 36. | I am able to concentrate well | 8,961 | 2.33 | 0.76 |
| 42. | The enjoyment outweighs the stress of the course | 8,961 | 1.96 | 0.96 |
| 43. | The atmosphere motivates me as a learner | 8,958 | 2.19 | 0.85 |
| 49. | I feel able to ask the questions I want | 8,960 | 2.06 | 0.99 |
| SSS | ||||
| 3. | There is a good support system for students who get stressed | 8,984 | 1.43 | 0.96 |
| 4. | I am too tired to enjoy the coursea) | 8,951 | 2.15 | 0.93 |
| 14. | I am rarely bored on this course | 8,969 | 2.24 | 1.00 |
| 15. | I have good friends in this school | 8,976 | 3.05 | 0.76 |
| 19. | My social life is good | 8,972 | 2.86 | 0.71 |
| 28. | I seldom feel lonely | 8,972 | 2.01 | 0.97 |
| 46. | My accommodation is pleasant | 8,959 | 2.02 | 1.08 |
| Factor | Educational system | No. | Mean | SD | t | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | UMS | 3,780 | 25.19 | 6.41 | -13.168 | 0.000 |
| GEMS | 5,019 | 26.96 | 6.12 | |||
| SPT | UMS | 3,733 | 26.00 | 4.80 | -9.366 | 0.000 |
| GEMS | 4,947 | 27.01 | 5.06 | |||
| SAS | UMS | 3,815 | 18.51 | 4.47 | -5.951 | 0.000 |
| GEMS | 5,009 | 19.05 | 4.03 | |||
| SPA | UMS | 3,659 | 25.82 | 6.02 | -9.670 | 0.000 |
| GEMS | 4,822 | 27.09 | 5.90 | |||
| SSS | UMS | 3,797 | 15.44 | 3.75 | -7.169 | 0.000 |
| GEMS | 5,031 | 16.00 | 3.64 | |||
| Total | UMS | 3,494 | 111.02 | 21.64 | -10.827 | 0.000 |
| GEMS | 4,599 | 116.23 | 21.28 |
| Factor | Grade | No. | Mean | SD | F | p-value | Scheffé |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | 1a) | 2,399 | 26.12 | 6.79 | 19.533 | 0.000 | a>b, c>a, c>b, d>b |
| 2b) | 2,229 | 25.44 | 6.20 | ||||
| 3c) | 2,343 | 26.84 | 6.03 | ||||
| 4d) | 1,814 | 26.39 | 6.05 | ||||
| SPT | 1a) | 2,302 | 27.11 | 5.36 | 19.706 | 0.000 | a>b, a>c, a>d, b>d, c>d |
| 2b) | 2,186 | 26.61 | 4.74 | ||||
| 3c) | 2,348 | 26.52 | 4.76 | ||||
| 4d) | 1,829 | 25.92 | 4.97 | ||||
| SAS | 1a) | 2,379 | 18.37 | 4.55 | 50.508 | 0.000 | c>a, d>a, c>b, d>b |
| 2b) | 2,235 | 18.22 | 4.19 | ||||
| 3c) | 2,357 | 19.31 | 3.99 | ||||
| 4d) | 1,839 | 19.49 | 4.01 | ||||
| SPA | 1a) | 2,222 | 27.04 | 6.14 | 8.025 | 0.000 | a>b, a>c, a>d |
| 2b) | 2,093 | 26.20 | 5.76 | ||||
| 3c) | 2,326 | 26.52 | 6.07 | ||||
| 4d) | 1,825 | 26.35 | 5.93 | ||||
| SSS | 1a) | 2,411 | 15.56 | 3.96 | 42.726 | 0.000 | a>b, c>a, d>a, c>b, d>b |
| 2b) | 2,234 | 15.16 | 3.70 | ||||
| 3c) | 2,345 | 16.16 | 3.50 | ||||
| 4d) | 1,824 | 16.26 | 3.46 | ||||
| Total | 1a) | 2,100 | 114.10 | 23.22 | 10.996 | 0.000 | a>b, c>b, d>b |
| 2b) | 2,002 | 111.80 | 21.07 | ||||
| 3c) | 2,218 | 115.56 | 20.84 | ||||
| 4d) | 1,758 | 114.35 | 20.97 |
| Factor | Gender | No. | Mean | SD | t | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | Male | 5,189 | 26.16 | 6.70 | -0.419 | 0.675 |
| Female | 3,356 | 26.22 | 5.71 | |||
| SPT | Male | 5,112 | 26.58 | 5.14 | -0.165 | 0.869 |
| Female | 3,310 | 26.60 | 4.71 | |||
| SAS | Male | 5,211 | 18.94 | 4.45 | 3.668 | 0.000 |
| Female | 3,350 | 18.59 | 3.93 | |||
| SPA | Male | 5,029 | 26.90 | 6.19 | 6.849 | 0.000 |
| Female | 3,196 | 25.97 | 5.62 | |||
| SSS | Male | 5,205 | 15.94 | 3.80 | 5.644 | 0.000 |
| Female | 3,367 | 15.47 | 3.54 | |||
| Total | Male | 4,808 | 114.59 | 22.65 | 3.146 | 0.002 |
| Female | 3,049 | 113.01 | 19.90 |
| Factor | Academic achievement | No. | Mean | SD | F | p-value | Scheffé |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | Higha) | 3,838 | 26.89 | 6.31 | 59.547 | 0.000 | b>c, a>c, a>b |
| Middleb) | 2,588 | 26.16 | 6.04 | ||||
| Lowc) | 2,038 | 25.01 | 6.63 | ||||
| SPT | Higha) | 3,779 | 26.76 | 5.01 | 5.172 | 0.000 | a>c |
| Middleb) | 2,559 | 26.56 | 4.85 | ||||
| Lowc) | 2,010 | 26.32 | 5.14 | ||||
| SAS | Higha) | 3,841 | 20.00 | 4.05 | 344.703 | 0.000 | b>c, a>c, a>b |
| Middleb) | 2,594 | 18.52 | 3.85 | ||||
| Lowc) | 2,053 | 17.11 | 4.47 | ||||
| SPA | Higha) | 3,691 | 27.11 | 5.95 | 43.278 | 0.000 | b>c, a>c, a>b |
| Middleb) | 2,500 | 26.56 | 5.74 | ||||
| Lowc) | 1,975 | 25.50 | 6.30 | ||||
| SSS | Higha) | 3,844 | 16.14 | 3.69 | 54.435 | 0.000 | b>c, a>c, a>b |
| Middleb) | 2,596 | 15.79 | 3.53 | ||||
| Lowc) | 2,049 | 15.09 | 3.88 | ||||
| Total | Higha) | 3,535 | 116.99 | 21.53 | 82.902 | 0.000 | b>c, a>c, a>b |
| Middleb) | 2,391 | 113.70 | 20.45 | ||||
| Lowc) | 1,874 | 109.12 | 22.66 |
| 문 항 | 매우 그렇다 | 그렇다 | 보통 | 아니다 | 전혀 아니다 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 나는 수업에 참여하도록 격려 받고 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 2. | 교수님들은 풍부한 지식을 갖고 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 3. | 스트레스 받는 학생을 위한 지원 체계가 잘 갖춰져 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 4. | 나는 너무 힘들어서 수업을 즐길 수가 없다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 5. | 과거에 내가 공부할 때 사용했던 학습 전략(방법)이 지금 의대 공부를 하는 데도 효과적이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 6. | 교수님들은 환자를 관대하게 대하시는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 7. | 수업은 학습에 대한 흥미를 불러일으켜주는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 8. | 교수님들은 학생을 무시하는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 9. | 교수님들은 권위주의적인 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 10. | 나는 올해 진급할 수 있으리라고 확신한다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 11. | 병동 실습을 할 때 분위기가 편안하다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 12. | 우리 학교의 학년별 학기별 시간표(학사일정과 교육과정)는 잘 짜여져 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 13. | 수업은 학생 중심적이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 14. | 나는 이번 학기가 별로 지루하지 않다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 15. | 나는 학교에 친한 친구들이 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 16. | 수업은 나의 역량을 개발시키는 데 도움이 된다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 17. | 우리 학교에서는 시험 때 커닝이 문제가 된다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 18. | 교수님들은 환자와 의사소통을 잘 하는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 19. | 나의 의대/의전원에서의 생활(동료 관계)은 원만하다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 20. | 수업의 초점이 명확하다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 21. | 나는 의사로서의 전문성을 갖추기 위해 잘 준비되고 있다고 생각한다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 22. | 수업은 나의 자신감을 증진시키는 데 도움이 된다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 23. | 수업시간의 분위기는 편안하다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 24. | 수업시간은 유용하게 잘 짜여져(구성되어) 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 25. | 수업은 사실 자체의 단순암기학습(단순 지식 전달)을 지나치게 강조한다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 26. | 지난 해 공부한 내용이 올해 공부를 하는 데 유용하였다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 27. | 나는 내가 필요로 하는 모든 것을 기억할 수 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 28. | 나는 좀처럼 외로움을 느끼지 않는다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 29. | 교수님은 학생들에게 피드백을 잘 해 주신다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 30. | 의대/의전원 생활 중에 대인관계 기술을 향상시킬 기회가 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 31. | 나는 의사로서의 전문성에 있어 공감할 수 있는 많은 것을 배우고 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 32. | 교수님들은 건설적인 조언을 해 주시는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 33. | 나는 교실 내에서 허물없이 편안함을 느낀다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 34. | 세미나나 소그룹 수업의 분위기는 편안하다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 35. | 나는 의대/의전원에서 실망스러운 경험을 하곤 한다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 36. | 의대/의전원 분위기가 내가 잘 집중할 수 있는 분위기이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 37. | 교수님은 분명한 예시를 보여주신다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 38. | 나는 수업의 학습목표를 명확하게 이해하고 있다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 39. | 교수님들은 수업 중에 화를 내기도 한다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 40. | 교수님은 수업준비를 잘 하시고 수업에 들어오신다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 41. | 의대/의전원에서 나의 문제해결능력은 향상되고 있다 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 42. | 나는 학업에 대해 스트레스를 받기보다는 즐기는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 43. | 학교/교실의 분위기는 내가 학습하고자 하는 동기를 불러일으켜 준다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 44. | 수업은 내가 능동적인 학습자가 되도록 북돋아준다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 45. | 내가 학습해 온 많은 내용들은 앞으로 의사직을 수행하는 것과 관련이 있는 것 같다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 46. | 나의 학교 편의시설(기숙사 등)은 쾌적하고 좋다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 47. | 장기기억의 학습이 단기기억의 학습보다 강조된다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 48. | 수업이 너무 교수 중심적이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 49. | 내가 원한다면 언제든지 질문을 할 수 있는 분위기다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 50. | 학생들은 교수님들을 힘들게 하는 편이다. | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
UMS: Undergraduate medical student, GEMS: Graduate entry medical student.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, %: Conversion to 100-point scale, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, %: Conversion to 100-point scale, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
Negative item: low score indicates agreement.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, UMS: Undergraduate medical student, GEMS: Graduate entry medical student, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.
DREEM: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, SD: Standard deviation, SPL: Students' perceptions of learning, SPT: Students’ perceptions of teachers, SAS: Students' academic self-perceptions, SPA: Students' perceptions of atmosphere, SSS: Students' social self-perceptions.